SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences
type: channel
description: SUKISOK, an Ilocano term meaning “to search or investigate exhaustively,” is an official research and development journal of the Isabela State University-Cauayan City Campus. This open-access annual publication serves as a dynamic platform for interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research across the arts and sciences, showcasing scholarly work from faculty members, researchers, and students alike. As a venue for rigorous academic discourse, SUKISOK aims to foster intellectual engagement, encourage critical inquiry, and promote innovative research that spans various disciplines. The journal features a diverse range of topics, including but not limited to language, literature, political science, governance, psychology, environmental studies, social sciences, and emerging trends in the arts and sciences. Scope and Aims Our journal aims to publish high-quality research articles across various fields in the Arts and Sciences. We welcome submissions from these fields and encourage interdisciplinary research. For submissions, please email your manuscript to sas.cauayan@isu.edu.ph.
publisher: Isabela State University-Cauayan
language: en
publication name: SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences
issn: 3028-1792
copyright: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
items: From the Experience of Cambodia (1975–1979): Reflections on a Journey Through the Khmer Prison Cells and Execution Sites
items: Parenting and Studying: Chronicles of Student Mothers
items: Making a living, Raising a life: Lived Experiences of Filipino Parents in Managing Household Finances and Early Childhood Rearing
items: The Effectiveness of Multimodal Learning in Enhancing Forensic Science Mastery among Third-Year Criminology Students at Isabela State University-Cauayan City Campus
items: https://sukisok.com/index.php/sjas/article/view/58
items: Guardians of the Public Trust: Mechanisms for Administrative Accountability and Ethical Governance
items: EDITOR’S NOTE: From Governance to Care, Toward Memory
items: Message from the University President
items: Editor's Note
items: Foreword
items: Bridging the Confidence-Competence Gap: Assessing Pre-Service Teachers’ Ability to Discern Fake News as Basis for Media Literacy Training Module Development
items: Sociolinguistic Profiles of Multilingualism: Implications for Isabela State University Language Policy
items: Decoding Philippine Facebook Memes: A Content Analysis of Their Cultural and Social Influence
items: The Naturalized Men and Over-represented Women: A Collocational Analysis of Gender Markers in Filipino Academic Discourse
items: How to Get Away with Saying Too Much: “Charot!” as a Deflective Linguistic Armor in Everyday Filipino Talk
items: Labovian Analysis of Political Narratives in Sigma Kappa Pi and Sigma Delta Pi Facebook Discourse
items: STUDENTS’ ADVERSITIES, COPING, AND ANXIETY ON LEARNING IN THE NEW NORMAL
items: Leaving the Jungle: The Lived Experiences of Rebel-Returnees in the Province of Isabela
items: Habi ng Pagbasa sa Liwanag ng Teoryang Kapwa: Epekto ng Pagsasanib ng Repleksyon at Diskurso sa Pag-unawa ng Akdang Pampanitikan
items: Correlational Analysis on the Profile and Greening Practices of Small Manufacturing Enterprises in Nueva Ecija
items: Measuring Legal Literacy on Constitutional Rights: A Quantitative Analysis of Layperson Understanding
items: Quantifying Data Privacy Proficiency: An Analysis of Data-Sharing Behavior and Data Privacy Concerns among Digital Consumers
items: Byung-Chul Han on the De-Ritualization of Academic Lifeworld in the Age of Student-Centered Learning
items: EDITOR'S NOTE
items: Prevalence and Resolution of Road Incidents in Cauayan City, Isabela: A Study on Law Enforcement Strategies
items: Critical Discourse Analysis of Dr. Manuel Viola Gallego’s 1932 Monograph “The Language Problem of the Filipinos”: A Study of Postcolonial Linguistic Perspectives
items: The Influence of Military Discipline Practices on the Interpersonal Relationships of Criminology Students: A Case Study of CCJE
items: “Tatay Digong” as Prototypical, Political Metaphor: A Content Analysis of Senator Bong Go’s Prayer Rally Speech on March 15, 2025, at Liwasang Bonifacio, Manila
items: Epekto ng Modalidad ng Pagbasa sa Komprehensyon ng mga Mag-Aaral sa Tekstong Pangkasaysayan
items: Rethinking Moral Education: Unpacking Its Foundations and Relevance

From the Experience of Cambodia (1975–1979): Reflections on a Journey Through the Khmer Prison Cells and Execution Sites
type: item
description: This travel narrative aims to document, in an academic manner, the history of Cambodia between 1975 and 1979, with particular emphasis on the atrocities that occurred under the Khmer Rouge regime led by the Communist Party of Kampuchea under Pol Pot. While the historical knowledge presented herein is likewise available in existing scholarly works, this account distinguishes itself by integrating the author’s dual perspective as both a traveler and a historian. Drawing from the author’s personal experiences, the narrative foregrounds the lived realities of the Khmer people, particularly their suffering in prisons and the so-called killing fields. At the same time, it situates these experiences within a broader comparative framework by reflecting on contemporaneous developments in Philippine history, specifically the proclamation of Martial Law.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Travel Narrative
  topic: keywords
subject: Khmer Rouge Regime
  topic: keywords
subject: Cambodia (1975–1979)
  topic: keywords
subject: Political Violence and Genocide
  topic: keywords
subject: Southeast Asia
  topic: keywords
subject: Cambodian Contemporary History
  topic: keywords
creator: Axle Christien J. Tugano
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 80
ending page: 102

Parenting and Studying: Chronicles of Student Mothers
type: item
description: This study sought to answer the following questions: (1) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the year level at which they became pregnant and their partners’ acceptance of the pregnancy? (2) What are their most memorable experiences as student-mothers? (3) What struggles are they experiencing? and (4) What services can the agency extend to ease their difficulties as they cope as student-mothers? The research utilized a qualitative research design employing a semi-structured interview with six respondents. The findings of the study showed that most of the respondents got pregnant while they were in college. Most of them ended up with their partners after their pregnancies. Familial support and acceptance, especially from their parents during pregnancy, were their most remarkable experiences. Although these were not given immediately, their families did not leave them at their lowest point. Meanwhile, the absence of childcare support during the first few months of child-rearing was considered their biggest challenge. Financial and time constraints were mentioned as secondary challenges. As for the services they think the agency can extend to help them, they recommended the provision of a more considerate policy for student-mothers, particularly by allowing a longer modular learning modality during the postpartum months and permitting student-mothers to bring their children to school when no one is available to look after them. Layon ng pag-aaral na ito na tuklasin ang mga sumusunod na katanungan: 1) Ano ang profayl ng mga respondent batay sa (a) edad sa pagdadalang-tao at (b) antas ng pagtanggap ng pamilya sa kanilang kondisyon; 2) Anu-ano ang mga karanasang hindi nila malilimutan bilang mga inang nag-aaral; 3) Anu-ano ang mga suliranin at pagsubok; at, 4) Anu-anong mga serbisyo ang maaaring maibigay ng ahensya para maibsan ang ang kanilang suliranin. Isinagawa ang pag-aaral na ito gamit ang kwalitatibong disenyo. Anim na estudyanteng ina mula sa Colleg…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: student mothers
  topic: keywords
subject: struggles
  topic: keywords
subject: school
  topic: keywords
subject: home
  topic: keywords
subject: inang mag-aaral
  topic: keywords
subject: panganganak
  topic: keywords
subject: pagtanggap ng pamilya
  topic: keywords
subject: konsiderasyon ng pamayanan
  topic: keywords
creator: Franxes Ghia U. Tordil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 68
ending page: 79

Making a living, Raising a life: Lived Experiences of Filipino Parents in Managing Household Finances and Early Childhood Rearing
type: item
description: This case study aims to explore the lived experiences of low- to middle-income young Filipino families in their management and balancing of family livelihood, specifically managing household finance and child-rearing responsibilities as they transition into a young family. The study seeks to contribute to the existing literature by exploring how young Filipino parents translate livelihood constraints, caregiving demands, and available social support into their everyday parenting practices during early childhood— an area that remains limited in Philippine family studies, where parenting is often examined separately from economic and structural conditions. The research utilized a qualitative narrative design to examine the lived experiences of Filipino parents in managing household finances and rearing young children. The participants of this research are ten (10) first-time parents with children aged three to five years old who are enrolled in public day care centers from the municipality of Los Baños, Laguna. Through thematic analysis, several interconnected themes were identified that greatly reflect how parents reorganize their resources through negotiation, communication, and support. These themes provide insights into how young families adjust to parenthood within economic, familial, and socioemotional contexts. The findings showed that livelihood conditions and income constraints strongly shaped parental involvement, household reorganization, prioritization of demands, child-rearing practices, and how parents allocate resources in their everyday lives. As the young parents’ transition, they continuously redefine household and parenting roles, manage demands, and negotiate expectations through open communication and accessing available support, which highlights the dynamic nature of family management. In addition to that, they remain emotionally present and responsive to their partners and their children amidst the high demands of balancing work and household re…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: young parents
  topic: keywords
subject: early childhood
  topic: keywords
subject: household finances
  topic: keywords
subject: work
  topic: keywords
subject: responsibilities
  topic: keywords
creator: Kenna Abarientos
creator: Carmela Mae Figuracion
creator: Antonio Palanginan
creator: Patricia Erika Tubig
creator: Rufo Gil Albor
creator: Inero Ancho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 67

The Effectiveness of Multimodal Learning in Enhancing Forensic Science Mastery among Third-Year Criminology Students at Isabela State University-Cauayan City Campus
type: item
description: Multimodal learning, which integrates visual, aural/auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic methods, is increasingly recognized as an innovative approach that caters to diverse learning styles and enhances student engagement. Despite its growing application, the specific effects of multimodal learning within forensic science education remain insufficiently explored. The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of multimodal learning on the academic performance and engagement of third-year Criminology students studying Forensic Science at Isabela State University, Cauayan City Campus, School Year 2024–2025. Using a pretest-posttest control group design with 118 participants, demographic data were analyzed through frequency counts and percentage distributions, while paired t-tests assessed the significance of differences between pretest and posttest scores. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in posttest scores for the experimental group, which transitioned from beginning to advanced proficient, while the control group only reached proficient. Students reported increased engagement and deeper understanding of forensic science concepts, demonstrating the positive impact of multimodal strategies on learning outcomes and involvement. A primary output of this study is the development of contextualized learning materials tailored for forensic science, providing a tangible contribution to the field. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating multimodal learning into forensic science curricula, offering evidence-based guidance for educators and curriculum developers. This pedagogical approach not only improves academic achievement but also better prepares criminology students for their future professional roles, contributing meaningfully to effective teaching practices in higher education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multimodal learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Forensic Science
  topic: keywords
subject: Criminology education
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Student engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Dianne Princess D. Nario
creator: Jeffrey C. Ginez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 27
ending page: 49

https://sukisok.com/index.php/sjas/article/view/58
type: item
title: Give and Take?: An Analysis on the Perceived Reciprocal Effects of the Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Ating Disadvantaged or Displaced Workers (TUPAD) Program on the Voting Behavior of Its Beneficiaries in Cauayan City, Isabela
description: This study examines the political implications of the Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Ating Disadvantaged/Displaced Workers (TUPAD) Program in Cauayan City, Isabela, situating it within broader debates on social assistance, political reciprocity, and welfare politics. Specifically, it investigates whether and how participation in a short-term cash-for-work program is associated with beneficiaries’ attitudes toward incumbent local officials and their reported voting support. A mixed methods design was employed, combining survey data from 218 respondents (109 TUPAD beneficiaries and 109 non-beneficiaries) with semi-structured interviews of selected beneficiaries. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests were used to assess differences in attitudes, while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. Findings indicate that TUPAD beneficiaries report significantly more favorable attitudes toward incumbent officials compared to non-beneficiaries. Interview data further suggest that some beneficiaries express support grounded in gratitude and perceived assistance, although others attribute their political preferences to personal judgment, family influence, or perceptions of program fairness. These results point to the presence of perceived reciprocity and positive political attitudes among beneficiaries but do not establish a direct causal effect on actual voting behavior. The study highlights how social assistance programs may shape political perceptions and reported support, raising important considerations for the nonpartisan implementation of welfare programs and the protection of democratic processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reciprocity
  topic: keywords
subject: Voting Behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Social assistance
  topic: keywords
subject: TUPAD
  topic: keywords
subject: Political Engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Ma. Althea C. Dona
creator: Apple Gemarie Agra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 11
ending page: 26

Guardians of the Public Trust: Mechanisms for Administrative Accountability and Ethical Governance
type: item
description: The systematic literature review examined existing research to study how administrative accountability and ethical governance operated through their respective mechanisms. The review addressed the general problem of declining public trust, driven by corruption and misconduct, which imposed high social and economic costs globally. The review followed PRISMA guidelines to evaluate 78 peer-reviewed articles that were published between 2018 and 2023 to identify three research questions that explored factors that enabled or obstructed effective whistleblowing and design elements that determined ombudsman effectiveness and the relationship between these mechanisms and wider integrity systems. The research results demonstrated that whistleblowing achieves success through three required elements which include a strong legal-institutional system and an organization that supports whistleblowers and a specialized method to tackle the psychological challenges whistleblowers experience. Ombudsman institutions achieve their goals through their ability to operate independently from their official powers which include complete investigative authority and their need to gain public support. The synthesis demonstrated that these mechanisms achieve their best results when they operate inside an entire integrity system that depends on particular contextual elements. The three different types of organizations which include internal reporting and external oversight together with supreme audit institutions and anti-corruption agencies need to establish purposeful connections while using technological tools with careful consideration. The review showed that public trust requires continuous funding for both institutional systems and foundational integrity values. The study recommended legal changes that will enhance whistleblower protection rights and maintain institutional independence and establish shared accountability systems for public organizations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Administrative Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Corruption
  topic: keywords
subject: Whistleblowing
  topic: keywords
subject: Ombudsman
  topic: keywords
creator: Mustafe Mahamoud Abdillahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

EDITOR’S NOTE: From Governance to Care, Toward Memory
type: item
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
creator: Paul Angelo Tamayo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: i
ending page: ii

Message from the University President
type: item
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
creator: Boyet L. Batang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: iii
ending page: iv

Editor's Note
type: item
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
creator: Krisha Camille R. Angoluan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: v
ending page: vi

Foreword
type: item
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
creator: Shirley N. Dita
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: i
ending page: ii

Bridging the Confidence-Competence Gap: Assessing Pre-Service Teachers’ Ability to Discern Fake News as Basis for Media Literacy Training Module Development
type: item
description: This study explored the competence and confidence of pre-service teachers in discerning fake news as empirical bases for the development of a contextualized media literacy training module. Grounded in Information Processing Theory and Media Literacy Theory, the research employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design conducted at Cagayan State University, Andrews Campus, specifically within the College of Teacher Education. Fifty-six fourth-year Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) English students were selected through purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, descriptive statistics were used to determine respondents’ level of competence across six dimensions: headline sensationalism evaluation, content and logical consistency, source credibility and author information, bias and objectivity, visual and media content, and emotional appeal. Results revealed an overall Basic level of competence (M = 3.40), with strengths in emotional appeal and source credibility but significant weaknesses in bias detection and logical consistency. Meanwhile, respondents reported confidence to a great extent across awareness, comprehension, analysis, evaluation, advanced critical thinking, and active engagement domains, indicating a notable confidence–competence gap. The qualitative phase, analyzed through thematic analysis, identified both positive practices (e.g., source verification, cross-checking, contextual evaluation) and malpractices (e.g., reliance on virality, emotional bias, impulsive sharing, superficial trust in visuals). Findings highlighted inconsistencies between perceived ability and actual evaluative performance. Based on these findings, the results will be utilized in planning and developing an evidence-based Media Literacy Training Module aimed at combating fake news. The proposed module will focus on addressing identified competence gaps by strengthening analytical reasoning, ethical information consumption, emotional regulation, and critical engagem…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: fake news
  topic: keywords
subject: media literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: pre-service teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: competence
  topic: keywords
subject: confidence
  topic: keywords
subject: training module development
  topic: keywords
creator: Ralph Anjelo R. Rueco
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 71
ending page: 96

Sociolinguistic Profiles of Multilingualism: Implications for Isabela State University Language Policy
type: item
description: This study developed a structured framework for language policy at Isabela State University (ISU) to enhance communication and promote bilingualism among its stakeholders. Key participants included university administrators, faculty, staff, and students. Utilizing surveys and participant observation, the research assessed language usage patterns across various contexts, such as personal communication, family interactions, social media activity, and workplace routines. Findings reveal Filipino and Ilocano as the most widely used languages among ISU's community, with English serving a significant but more institutional role, particularly among faculty and staff. Language preferences shift depending on context—for example, Filipino and Ilocano are dominant in informal and emotional situations, while English is preferred for formal communication and written correspondence. Exposure to both Filipino and Ilocano is high due to their status as first languages among most participants. The study also explored attitudes toward first and second language maintenance, finding both faculty and students value bilingualism and are reluctant to prioritize a second language at the cost of their native tongue. Teachers generally show even stronger support for promoting both languages. These attitudes underscore a shared belief in the benefits of sustaining bilingual proficiency within ISU. The call is for a campus-wide language policy that not only systematizes communication but also strengthens cultural identity and educational competence. Recommendations include adopting or adapting language policies by campus location, forming student organizations to preserve local languages and culture, and extending research to local government contexts to support community-wide language promotion and preservation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bilingualism
  topic: keywords
subject: language attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: language policy
  topic: keywords
subject: language use
  topic: keywords
creator: Ariane Milagrosa T. Pantaleon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 58
ending page: 70

Decoding Philippine Facebook Memes: A Content Analysis of Their Cultural and Social Influence
type: item
description: This study examined Facebook memes as cultural texts that mirror and influence Filipino popular culture, social values, and collective identity. Specifically, it explored meme-sharing trends among users, their contribution to pop culture and social discourse, and the messages, symbols, and ideologies embedded within them. Using a qualitative content analysis of purposively selected memes across six categories: showbiz, social, political, pop-culture mockery, ideological, and societal challenges and advocacies, the study interpreted the humor, critique, and cultural meanings expressed in these digital artifacts. Findings reveal that memes function as participatory and dialogic tools that encourage user interaction and shared expression. They allow people to transform everyday events, media moments, and social issues into satirical yet critical reflections. Showbiz and social memes nurture community engagement, political memes cultivate civic awareness, ideological memes preserve cultural beliefs, and societal challenge memes promote reflection and advocacy. The study deepens the multimodal and semiotic nature of memes in shaping Filipino digital discourse. Despite limitations related to qualitative scope and selected examples, the research contributes to understanding digital participatory culture, media literacy, and the role of humor in social commentary. The study recommends expanding future research to cover broader regions, platforms, and audiences. It also suggests integrating mixed methods and exploring the potential of memes for education and advocacy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Facebook memes
  topic: keywords
subject: Filipino identity
  topic: keywords
subject: popular culture
  topic: keywords
subject: social discourse
  topic: keywords
creator: Khristine Joy H. Dela Cruz
creator: Bradley V. Gansatao
creator: Angelica R. Añon
creator: Kevin L. Dela Calzada
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 48
ending page: 57

The Naturalized Men and Over-represented Women: A Collocational Analysis of Gender Markers in Filipino Academic Discourse
type: item
description: Despite the alarming findings on gender inequality and the extensive literature on corpus analysis, the journal articles written by Filipino scholars remain unexamined. This gap is critical because journal articles serve as a foundation of knowledge from which research, classroom discussions, and other pedagogical practices are constructed. To address this gap, this research examined how gender is portrayed in a collection of published journal articles called CRAFT. Using Social Action Theory along with the collocational analysis of select feminine and masculine markers, the results show that gender equality is still a complex discussion in the country. While statistics seem to demonstrate women’s visibility, this does not guarantee empowerment. Further analysis seems to suggest that the high frequency of feminine markers shows the constant need for gender identification among women. This interpretation is supported by the collocations of various feminine markers with indicators of classification, relation, and physical identification, along with negative appraisement. Conversely, the limited occurrence of masculine markers does not necessarily suggest new gender trends; rather, a potential perpetuation of stereotypical beliefs where men are considered the unmarked gender who are primarily functionalized by economic and professional agency. These findings emphasize the need for the continuous strengthening of gender sensitivity programs in the country and a systemic review of the academic editorial policies and practices to model and encourage gender equality. While the Filipinos have already achieved monumental success in bridging the gender gap, certain areas still need more attention.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gender parity
  topic: keywords
subject: Corpus linguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Collocational analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Representations of Social Actor Theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamille D. Legaspi-Torres
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 33
ending page: 47

How to Get Away with Saying Too Much: “Charot!” as a Deflective Linguistic Armor in Everyday Filipino Talk
type: item
description: This study investigates the swardspeak term “charot”—along with its wide morphological family—to show how a seemingly playful queer lexeme has become a highly productive discourse device in contemporary Filipino communication. Drawing on a 700-token anonymized social media corpus and employing semantic, morphological, dependency-syntactic, and pragmatic analyses, it traces the word’s queer genealogy, its semantic narrowing from earlier lexicographic meanings, and its integration into Tagalog morphosyntax. Findings reveal that “charot” consistently appears in sentence-final, paratactic positions; it functions less as propositional content and more as a metapragmatic operator that retroactively reframes an utterance as humorous, unserious, or affectively buffered. Beyond signaling “just joking,” “charot” performs culturally specific labor: managing face-threats and emotional risk, softening disclosures of vulnerability, and tempering critique within norms of “hiya,” “pakikisama,” and indirectness—all while allowing Filipinos to say too much, too boldly, or too tenderly.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: charot
  topic: keywords
subject: swardspeak
  topic: keywords
subject: Filipino pragmatics
  topic: keywords
subject: queer linguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: discourse markers
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrea Genesis Sobremonte
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 16
ending page: 32

Labovian Analysis of Political Narratives in Sigma Kappa Pi and Sigma Delta Pi Facebook Discourse
type: item
description: This study examines political discourse manifested through the Facebook page of Sigma Kappa Pi Fraternity and Sigma Delta Pi Sorority, non-traditional student organizations at the University of the Philippines Diliman Extension Program in Pampanga, applying William Labov’s narratological framework to analyze how narrative structures construct political meaning and mobilize audiences. Analysis of six representative Facebook posts reveals consistent employment of Labov’s six narrative elements, including abstract, orientation, complicating action, evaluation, resolution, and coda, though compressed to suit social media affordances. The evaluation component emerges as particularly dominant, performing ideological work through metaphors, intensifiers, contrasts, and moral judgments that position audiences toward particular political interpretations while mobilizing collective action. Posts consistently employ historical framing connecting contemporary issues to celebrated resistance traditions, including the EDSA Revolution and Martial Law resistance, performing memory work that legitimizes present struggles through continuity with honored pasts. The organizations construct a consistent political identity as historically conscious, morally uncompromising, popularly aligned, analytically sophisticated, and action-oriented. Findings demonstrate Labov’s framework remains productively applicable to digital political discourse with necessary adaptations, including recognition of narrative compression, evaluation’s centrality in political communication, hybrid genre formations, and activist codas that transform closure into mobilization rather than resolution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: narrative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: political discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: social media activism
  topic: keywords
subject: Labovian framework
  topic: keywords
subject: Philippine student movements
  topic: keywords
creator: Gamaliel Z. Panuyas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 15

STUDENTS’ ADVERSITIES, COPING, AND ANXIETY ON LEARNING IN THE NEW NORMAL
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to the educational sector, resulting in school closures due to lockdown measures. In response to this unprecedented situation, educational institutions swiftly transitioned to alternative learning modes. A new standard educational system emerged after the pandemic, necessitating significant modifications in students’ learning processes. This study examined students’ adversities, coping mechanisms, and anxiety levels in the context of the new normal while also comparing these variables across different demographic profiles, namely sex and age. A cross-sectional comparative non-experimental quantitative research design was employed to address these questions. Data were collected using the Adversities Questionnaire developed by Musingafi et al. (2015), the Brief COPE Questionnaire by Carver (1997), and W. K. Zung’s self-rating scale (William, 1971) among third-year Bachelor of Elementary Education students at a State University in Cagayan Valley. The results indicate that students generally experience low levels of adversities in learning during the new normal. Moreover, students’ coping strategies in this environment are predominantly adaptive, while anxiety levels related to learning are notably high. Furthermore, irrespective of students’ sex and age, similar patterns of adversities, coping strategies, and anxiety levels in learning during the new normal were observed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: coping
  topic: keywords
subject: student adversities
  topic: keywords
subject: anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: new normal
  topic: keywords
creator: KATHLYN C. JIMENEZ
creator: BHEA MARIE B. LAZARO
creator: JOANA MARIE A. MANUEL
creator: EZRAHLYNE P. MORALES
creator: LIRA A. SACANG
creator: RYAN P. SALVIEJO
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-07-16
publication date: 2024-07-16

Leaving the Jungle: The Lived Experiences of Rebel-Returnees in the Province of Isabela
type: item
description: The experiences of former New People’s Army (NPA) rebels are worth investigating as they provide insights that may support community intervention programs. The objectives of this study were to unfold rebel returnees’ experiences before joining the NPA, their experiences as members, and their motivations for surrendering. The research identified the experiences of 12 rebel returnees before, during, and after surrendering to the government. Using snowball sampling and a qualitative phenomenological research design, the study revealed that their lives were difficult due to poverty before joining the NPA. Motivations for joining included the desire to help the community, positive assumptions about the group, the power of words, the attractiveness of the NPA, safety concerns, wanting to be with a spouse, promises of a better future, and an introduction to ideologies that promised to protect their rights. Family objections did not influence their decision. Active rebels recruited them, and a division of labor was evident inside the camp. Life as a member was challenging, marked by deprivation of basic needs and uncertainty about the future. Surrendering was either voluntary or through capture, requiring a pledge of allegiance to the government. Informants warn others to avoid militant groups and to learn from their experiences. The former NPA rebels' journey confirms that recruitment is primarily driven by socio-economic vulnerability, as individuals join due to poverty and gaps in government service, seeking promises the group ultimately fails to deliver. While returnees are grateful for current government livelihood programs, their experiences emphasize a critical need for sustained, holistic, and comprehensive long-term assistance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: A Rebel’s Life
  topic: keywords
subject: New People’s Army
  topic: keywords
subject: New People’s Army Recruitment
  topic: keywords
subject: Rebel Returnee
  topic: keywords
subject: Surrendering to the Government
  topic: keywords
creator: Jojo P. Bautista
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 115
ending page: 132

Habi ng Pagbasa sa Liwanag ng Teoryang Kapwa: Epekto ng Pagsasanib ng Repleksyon at Diskurso sa Pag-unawa ng Akdang Pampanitikan
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the effects of the combined reading methodologies—reflection and discourse—on the level of comprehension of literary works among 30 students enrolled in GE FIL 3: Dalumat ng/sa Filipino. The research is grounded in Enriquez’s Theory of Kapwa, which emphasizes relational interaction as the foundation of learning, and Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle, which focuses on experience, reflection, abstract conceptualization, and active application in reading. The sequential learning cycle was tested through the integration of the two reading modalities. The researchers utilized a self-made comprehension test (pre-test and post-test), validated through peer review, as well as qualitative data from journals, transcriptions, and notes from semi-structured interviews. Through thematic analysis of participants’ responses, the study identified linguistic, motivational, and other factors affecting comprehension. The results revealed the importance of integrating reflection and discourse in the development of cognitive and interpretative skills, as well as in the formulation of meaningful strategies for reading literary texts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: metacognition
  topic: keywords
subject: collaborative reading
  topic: keywords
subject: holistic learning
  topic: keywords
subject: abstract conceptualization
  topic: keywords
subject: relational perspective
  topic: keywords
creator: Dara Mae T. Fernandez
creator: Merlina C. Garcia
creator: Joey A. De La Cruz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 94
ending page: 114

Correlational Analysis on the Profile and Greening Practices of Small Manufacturing Enterprises in Nueva Ecija
type: item
description: This study, anchored on the Green Business Theory, is aimed at determining the greening practices of small manufacturing enterprises in Nueva Ecija, assessing the benefits and challenges in adopting such practices, and exploring the relationship of the respondents’ profiles with their greening practices. This research centers on the seven greening hotspots of the Department of Trade and Industry’s (DTI) Green Economic Development (GED) initiative, namely the management of natural resources, energy efficiency, wastewater, solid and toxic waste, transport, local supplies, and raw materials. The study employed a quantitative research design utilizing a researcher-developed questionnaire composed of survey items and open-ended questions. Data collection was facilitated with the assistance of Negosyo Center Business Counselors. Using statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, weighted mean, and Spearman’s rho, the responses of 78 small manufacturers were analyzed to determine patterns, relationships, and levels of significance. It was found that small manufacturers in Nueva Ecija generally engage in greening initiatives. Variations in perceptions and practices were evident across key demographic and organizational variables, including the sex of the owner, type of ownership, number of employees, and years in operation. Greening efforts were perceived to enhance regulatory compliance, stakeholder well-being, and corporate and product image. However, small manufacturers face constraints such as a lack of budget, low employee awareness, and weak implementation. These challenges, particularly low awareness and poor implementation, were closely linked to budget limitations, as effective training and sustained implementation require sufficient funding.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Economic Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Greening Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Small Manufacturing Enterprises
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Business Theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Alfee Rei L. Galapon
creator: Maridel V. Eslao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 74
ending page: 93

Measuring Legal Literacy on Constitutional Rights: A Quantitative Analysis of Layperson Understanding
type: item
description: This study investigates the level of legal literacy among laypeople in Cauayan City, Isabela, focusing specifically on their understanding, awareness, and knowledge of constitutional rights. Recognizing the critical role legal literacy plays in empowering individuals to assert their rights and engage with legal institutions, the research addresses a significant knowledge gap concerning marginalized workers in the informal transport sector. Using a descriptive-correlational design and survey methodology, the study involved tricycle drivers as respondents (N=351) and analyzed data through descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings reveal that while the respondents exhibit generally high self-perceived understanding and awareness of constitutional rights, particularly their right to vote, significant gaps persist in procedural knowledge and access to formal legal education. The results show that educational attainment and years of experience significantly influence legal literacy, whereas age and income do not. Statistical analysis warrants the conclusion that there is an urgent need for accessible, community-based legal education programs tailored to the realities of informal workers. Strengthening legal literacy among tricycle drivers can foster a more informed citizenry, reduce vulnerability to rights violations, and promote more equitable engagement with legal and civic processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: legal literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: constitutional rights
  topic: keywords
subject: tricycle drivers
  topic: keywords
subject: informal sector
  topic: keywords
subject: layperson understanding
  topic: keywords
creator: Irene E. Cabaccan
creator: Precy Joy T. Caniedo
creator: Allain Paulo C. Seguban
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 49
ending page: 73

Quantifying Data Privacy Proficiency: An Analysis of Data-Sharing Behavior and Data Privacy Concerns among Digital Consumers
type: item
description: In the Philippines, where online transactions and social media usage are widespread, safeguarding digital privacy is crucial for consumer protection. Existing studies have extensively explored data privacy concerns and behaviors in urban and international contexts. However, there is a lack of empirical studies that assess data privacy proficiency and its behavioral determinants among digital consumers in the Philippines, especially in provincial settings such as Cauayan City, Isabela. This study then assessed the data privacy concerns and data-sharing behaviors of digital consumers in Cauayan City. It also sought to determine how attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence their intention to share personal data, using the Theory of Planned Behavior as the study framework. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed. A structured questionnaire was administered to 500 respondents who regularly engage in online transactions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings indicated that, while consumers are moderately to highly concerned about data privacy, they continue to share personal data such as names, contact information, and addresses on platforms like Facebook, GCash, and Shopee. Results also showed that attitude and subjective norms significantly influence data-sharing intention, while perceived behavioral control has a weaker effect. This reflects the “privacy paradox” phenomenon, where expressed concern does not translate into cautious behavior. This study concludes that digital consumers in Cauayan City demonstrate moderate data privacy proficiency, but their behavior often prioritizes convenience and trust in platforms over caution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: data privacy
  topic: keywords
subject: digital consumers
  topic: keywords
subject: data-sharing behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: privacy paradox
  topic: keywords
subject: Theory of Planned Behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Angel D. Leal
creator: Marvin L. Ramirez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 19
ending page: 48

Byung-Chul Han on the De-Ritualization of Academic Lifeworld in the Age of Student-Centered Learning
type: item
description: The overarching objective of this study is to examine how student-centered learning (SCL) functions as a vehicle for advancing neoliberal agendas in Philippine higher education. Drawing from Byung-Chul Han’s critique of neoliberal achievement society, the study argues that universities are undergoing a process of de-ritualization, where communal academic practices are displaced by individualized, performance-oriented structures. Through a qualitative critical-philosophical analysis of higher education discourse and policy, this study reveals how the rhetoric of autonomy and personalization, which SCL promotes, aligns education with market logics. Student-centered learning is designed to empower learners; however, this study argues that its neoliberal appropriation has led students to being reduced as self-optimizing and performative agents governed by hyper-individualistic views compelled by neoliberal notion of freedom. This shift transforms education into a site of consumption rather than formation as HEIs prioritize employability over collective reflection and meaning, while paradoxically claiming that today’s schooling focuses on students’ holistic growth. This study concludes by advocating for the reintegration of academic rituals that nurture community, restore depth, and reaffirm the university’s transformative purpose.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Byung-Chul Han
  topic: keywords
subject: critical pedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: neoliberalism
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: Philippine education
  topic: keywords
creator: Mark Earvin M. Cervantes
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 18

EDITOR'S NOTE
type: item
description: Volume 5, Issue 3 of the SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences presents a multidisciplinary collection of peer-reviewed articles that examine how power is exercised, negotiated, and experienced through institutional structures, everyday practices, and forms of participation across contemporary social contexts. The contributions in this issue reflect the journal’s commitment to empirically grounded, theoretically informed, and context-sensitive scholarship across the humanities and social sciences.
subject: Front Matter
  topic: section
creator: Paul Angelo Tamayo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: i
ending page: iii

Prevalence and Resolution of Road Incidents in Cauayan City, Isabela: A Study on Law Enforcement Strategies
type: item
description: Road incidents remain a major public safety concern in the Philippines, yet localized analyses of law enforcement responses are limited. This study examined the prevalence of road incidents in Cauayan City, Isabela, from 2020 to 2024, and assessed strategies employed by the Philippine National Police–Highway Patrol Group (PNP-HPG) to prevent and resolve these incidents. A mixed-methods approach combined quantitative analysis of official vehicular accident statistics with qualitative interviews of HPG officers (N=7). Results show a total of 4,016 accidents over five years, with motorcycles involved in 65.78% of cases. The most common risk factors were driving under the influence (51.54%), operating without a license (51.39%), and non-use of helmets (46.74%). Incidents peaked during holidays, at night, and in identified high-risk locations. Law enforcement strategies included checkpoints, traffic education programs, and inter-agency collaborations, but were hindered by manpower shortages, limited equipment, low public compliance, and systemic enforcement gaps. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, enhanced enforcement resources, and community-based safety initiatives to reduce accidents and improve public compliance with road safety laws.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: road incidents
  topic: keywords
subject: highway patrol group
  topic: keywords
subject: law enforcement strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: road safety enforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: public compliance
  topic: keywords
creator: Princess Mae S. Sebastian
creator: Carla Joy T. De Castro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30

Critical Discourse Analysis of Dr. Manuel Viola Gallego’s 1932 Monograph “The Language Problem of the Filipinos”: A Study of Postcolonial Linguistic Perspectives
type: item
description: This paper examines the life and works of Dr. Manuel Viola Gallego (1893–1976), a Filipino lawyer, scholar, educator, and statesman, by critically analyzing his 1932 monograph “The Language Problem of the Filipinos.” The study aims to elucidate Gallego’s linguistic and educational philosophies embedded in this work and to assess their impact on national discourse and policy. Guided by the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) method, the research utilized primary written sources—including his published books, archival photographs, and newspaper articles—as well as unwritten sources, notably an oral interview with his grandson, Dr. Joseph L. Gallego. The analysis revealed five key thematic findings: (1) the need to elevate scholarly discussions on Gallego’s intellectual legacy; (2) the historical roots of current linguistic challenges in the Philippines; (3) the significance of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) at the elementary level; (4) political institutionalization as essential for language intellectualization; and (5) the urgent need to establish a theoretical foundation for the Gallegan Philosophy course (SSC 111/SSC 112) to advance discourse in both vernacular and national languages. In conclusion, the paper underscores Dr. Gallego’s active role in addressing educational and linguistic issues, particularly through the founding of the Central Luzon Education Center (CLEC), now Manuel V. Gallego Foundation Colleges (MVGFC). It recommends further in-depth studies on his writings and contributions to vernacular language development and the national language policy, areas that remain largely unexplored in Philippine scholarship.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: language
  topic: keywords
subject: Dr. Manuel Viola Gallego
  topic: keywords
subject: MTB-MLE
  topic: keywords
subject: national language
  topic: keywords
subject: post-colonialism
  topic: keywords
subject: Tagalog
  topic: keywords
creator: Rene Boy E. Abiva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30

The Influence of Military Discipline Practices on the Interpersonal Relationships of Criminology Students: A Case Study of CCJE
type: item
description: relationships of criminology students at the College of Criminal Justice Education (CCJE). Using personal interviews and a focused group discussion approach, it explores the types of military discipline enforced, the degree to which students integrate these practices into their daily lives, and the consequent effects on their interactions with family and friends. Findings suggest that students adopt various military discipline practices—such as maintaining proper appearance, respecting the chain of command, and observing military courtesy—which contribute to the development of qualities like punctuality, obedience, and self-regulation. These internalized behaviors appear to positively influence students’ social skills, fostering trust, communication, and cooperation within their personal relationships. The study concludes that military discipline significantly contributes to the personal development and social functioning of criminology students. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of addressing potential issues related to blind obedience in the implementation of military discipline within educational settings. Recommendations for mitigating such concerns, as well as suggestions for future research, are also provided.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: military discipline practices
  topic: keywords
subject: interpersonal relationships
  topic: keywords
subject: communication styles
  topic: keywords
subject: military courtesy in criminology
  topic: keywords
creator: Grace H. Lupao
creator: Rubelyn P. Castillo
creator: Grace Ann V. Mabao
creator: Samuel M. Jr. Ucol
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30

“Tatay Digong” as Prototypical, Political Metaphor: A Content Analysis of Senator Bong Go’s Prayer Rally Speech on March 15, 2025, at Liwasang Bonifacio, Manila
type: item
description: This study examines the metaphorical framing of former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte as “Tatay Digong” in Senator Bong Go’s prayer rally speech amid Duterte’s International Criminal Court (ICC) investigation. Drawing on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and Prototype Theory of Meaning (Allan, 2015), the analysis explores how familial metaphors recontextualize political leadership through culturally embedded notions of Filipino fatherhood. A qualitative content analysis of Go’s speech reveals recurring rhetorical patterns of paternal care, sacrificial suffering, and moral obligation, positioning Duterte not as a politician facing legal scrutiny but as a vulnerable patriarch deserving loyalty. Themes of familial framing, emotional blackmail through loyalty, and religious and moral sacralization illustrate how the “tatay” metaphor transforms legal accountability into an affective and moral narrative. Rather than making broad claims about public perception, this study highlights how such metaphors create interpretive scenarios that can obscure institutional processes by reframing governance as kinship. By situating Duterte’s “tatay” persona within both Philippine cultural values and broader Southeast Asian populist traditions, the findings underscore the political power of familial metaphors in legitimizing authority and insulating leaders from critique. Future research could extend this approach by analyzing similar metaphors in other political speeches or digital discourse, offering comparative insights into how familial frames sustain affective loyalty in populist regimes
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Duterte
  topic: keywords
subject: Tatay Digong
  topic: keywords
subject: familial metaphors
  topic: keywords
subject: Conceptual Metaphor Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Prototype Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: ICC investigation
  topic: keywords
creator: Willies Winsor Gutierrez Gabitan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30

Epekto ng Modalidad ng Pagbasa sa Komprehensyon ng mga Mag-Aaral sa Tekstong Pangkasaysayan
type: item
description: This study employed a quasi-experimental design grounded on Flavell’s metacognitive theory, Vygotsky’s social constructivism, and Bartlett’s schema theory. It aimed to examine the effect of individual and group reading modalities (as the independent variables) on the level of comprehension (as the dependent variable) of 15 students enrolled in GE 2: Readings in Philippine History at NEUST–Atate Campus. In the individual reading phase, Piedad-Pugay’s (2012) article on the two faces of the Cavite Mutiny (1872) was used, while in the group reading phase, the students discussed the peace agreement between the United States and Spain (Office of the Historian, 1898). Quantitative data were collected through researcher-made comprehension tests administered after each modality and enhanced via peer review, cognitive interviewing, and pilot testing based on difficulty and discrimination indices; qualitative data, on the other hand, were drawn from guided written responses and focus group discussions. The numerical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and paired-samples t-test (p<0.05) to compare the mean comprehension scores, while thematic analysis was employed for the qualitative responses to uncover linguistic, motivational, knowledge heterogeneity, and distraction-related challenges. Findings revealed that the group modality yielded greater improvement in mean comprehension scores compared to the individual modality. Hence, the study recommends strengthening facilitator-led reading groups, utilizing scaffolding techniques, and designing high-quality instructional materials to further enrich independent comprehension of historical texts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: literary proficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: reading modalities
  topic: keywords
subject: participatory reading
  topic: keywords
subject: self-regulated learning
  topic: keywords
subject: scaffolding
  topic: keywords
creator: Dara Mae T. Fernandez
creator: Rene Boy E. Abiva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30

Rethinking Moral Education: Unpacking Its Foundations and Relevance
type: item
description: The general education course Ethics is required of all higher education students in the Philippines. Envisioned as a course that explores the principles of ethical behavior in modern society at various levels of existence, the general education course Ethics aims to expose students to the intricacies of morality and equip them with skills and knowledge to make informed moral decisions by employing moral frameworks in analyzing and resolving moral dilemmas. Recently, however, education policymakers and government legislators in the Philippines have identified the course as one of the redundant ones that may be eradicated to shorten formal education in the country. This paper revisits the long history of moral education. It attempts to unpack its rich tradition, not just in the Philippines but across the globe, as an essential aspect of both basic and higher education. By employing document analysis, conceptual analysis, and philosophical research, the paper aims to solidify the place of moral education in any curriculum by pointing out that any educational endeavor should always have a place and space for moral education as ultimately, education is a process of transforming and making individuals better human beings, the core thrust of any moral education framework. The paper will also argue, by presenting data across time and space, that moral education has always been a crucial inclusion in higher education because of the benefits it offers in any society that continues to put its trust not just in a productive, but ultimately, a moral citizenry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: moral education
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophy of education
  topic: keywords
creator: Bernardo Jr. Caslib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 SUKISOK Journal of the Arts and Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-30
publication date: 2025-08-30